Blog
Latest articles, insights, and updates from the blog.
Racemic Mixture: S-Ketamine and R-Ketamine Enantiomers Explained
A definition of racemic mixture in the context of ketamine therapy — explaining the S and R enantiomers, their different pharmacological profiles, and clinical implications.
Norketamine: Ketamine's Primary Metabolite Explained
A definition and detailed explanation of norketamine — the main metabolite produced when the body processes ketamine — including its pharmacological activity, clinical significance, and role in oral ketamine therapy.
NMDA Receptor
A comprehensive definition and explanation of the NMDA receptor — its role in the brain, its relevance to ketamine therapy, and why it matters for mental health treatment.
mTOR Pathway: Ketamine's Role in Protein Synthesis and Synaptic Growth
A definition of the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and its critical role in how ketamine promotes rapid synaptogenesis and antidepressant effects.
Neuroplasticity
What neuroplasticity means, how the brain rewires itself, and why neuroplasticity is central to understanding ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects.
Glutamatergic System: The Excitatory Signaling Network Behind Ketamine's Effects
An overview of the glutamatergic system — the brain's primary excitatory neurotransmitter network — and its central role in how ketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects.
Glutamate: The Excitatory Neurotransmitter Central to Ketamine's Action
Understand glutamate, the brain's primary excitatory neurotransmitter, its role in neural signaling, and why it is fundamental to how ketamine works.
GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid): The Brain's Primary Inhibitory Neurotransmitter
A definition of GABA — the brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter — and its relationship to ketamine's mechanism of action and therapeutic effects.
Esketamine: The S-Enantiomer Behind Spravato
A glossary entry on esketamine, the S-enantiomer of ketamine marketed as Spravato, covering its pharmacology, FDA approval, and clinical significance.
First-Pass Metabolism: How Liver Processing Affects Oral Ketamine
A definition of first-pass metabolism — the hepatic processing that reduces oral drug bioavailability — and its specific impact on oral ketamine formulations.
Enantiomer: Definition and Relevance to Ketamine
A definition of enantiomers — mirror-image molecular forms — and their critical importance in understanding ketamine's two forms: esketamine (S-ketamine) and arketamine (R-ketamine).
Dissociation
What dissociation means in the context of ketamine therapy — its clinical definition, how it manifests during treatment, and its potential relationship to therapeutic outcomes.
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