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Ketamine and Epigenetics: How Ketamine May Alter Gene Expression
Ketamine and epigenetics: how histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and microRNA changes may help explain why ketamine's antidepressant effects last for days.
Ketamine for Tinnitus: Current Research and Mechanisms
An overview of the emerging research on ketamine as a potential treatment for tinnitus, including the glutamatergic theory of tinnitus, clinical evidence, and important limitations.
Norketamine: Ketamine's Primary Metabolite Explained
What norketamine is, its half-life, pharmacological activity vs parent ketamine, and why this metabolite is central to how oral and sublingual ketamine work.
Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD): Definition, Criteria, and Significance for Ketamine
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) defined: clinical criteria, the two-failed-trials threshold, and why TRD is the primary indication for ketamine therapy.
Serotonin Syndrome: Risks, Symptoms, and Relevance to Ketamine Therapy
Serotonin syndrome explained: symptoms, drug combinations that trigger it, and why patients on SSRIs or MAOIs need to discuss the risk before starting ketamine.
Schedule III Controlled Substance: Ketamine's DEA Classification Explained
Why ketamine is a Schedule III controlled substance: DEA criteria, prescribing rules, refill limits, telehealth implications, and how it compares to II and IV.
Racemic Mixture: S-Ketamine and R-Ketamine Enantiomers Explained
A definition of racemic mixture in the context of ketamine therapy, explaining the S and R enantiomers, their different pharmacological profiles, and clinical implications.
DEA Telehealth Prescribing Rules: What Changed in 2025
DEA telehealth prescribing rules for controlled substances in 2025: Ryan Haight extensions, in-person visit triggers, and what they mean for ketamine access.
Compounding Pharmacy: Custom Ketamine Formulations Explained
How compounding pharmacies prepare ketamine: troches, lozenges, nasal sprays, 503A vs 503B oversight, FDA limits, and what to ask before ordering.
mTOR Pathway: Ketamine's Role in Protein Synthesis and Synaptic Growth
A definition of the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and its critical role in how ketamine promotes rapid synaptogenesis and antidepressant effects.
Ketamine vs SSRIs: How They Compare for Treating Depression
Ketamine vs SSRIs for depression: onset (hours vs weeks), TRD response rates, side effects, dropout rates, monthly cost, and when each is typically prescribed.
Ketamine vs TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation): A Clinical Comparison
Ketamine vs TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) for depression: how each works, response rates, session counts, side effects, cost, and patient fit.