Glossary Articles
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Compounding Pharmacy: Custom Ketamine Formulations Explained
How compounding pharmacies prepare ketamine: troches, lozenges, nasal sprays, 503A vs 503B oversight, FDA limits, and what to ask before ordering.
Glutamatergic System: The Excitatory Signaling Network Behind Ketamine's Effects
An overview of the glutamatergic system — the brain's primary excitatory neurotransmitter network — and its central role in how ketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects.
mTOR Pathway: Ketamine's Role in Protein Synthesis and Synaptic Growth
A definition of the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and its critical role in how ketamine promotes rapid synaptogenesis and antidepressant effects.
Default Mode Network: How Ketamine Disrupts Depressive Thought Patterns
The default mode network (DMN) drives rumination in depression. Learn how ketamine disrupts DMN connectivity and why that matters for treatment.
AMPA Receptor: Its Role in Ketamine's Antidepressant Effect
A glossary entry on the AMPA receptor, explaining what it is, how it functions, and why its activation is essential to ketamine's rapid antidepressant mechanism.
Arketamine (R-Ketamine): The Promising Enantiomer Under Investigation
Learn about arketamine (R-ketamine), the less-studied enantiomer of ketamine showing promise as a next-generation antidepressant with fewer side effects.
Bioavailability: Understanding Ketamine Absorption by Route
Bioavailability shows how much ketamine actually reaches the bloodstream. See how it ranges from 100% IV to 17-24% oral and what that means for dosing.
Synaptogenesis: How Ketamine Promotes New Synaptic Connections
Synaptogenesis is the formation of new synapses. Learn how ketamine triggers rapid synapse growth through NMDA, BDNF, and mTOR signaling.
BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor): Definition and Role in Ketamine Therapy
Learn what BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) is, how it supports brain health, and why it is central to ketamine's rapid antidepressant mechanism.
Glutamate: The Excitatory Neurotransmitter Central to Ketamine's Action
Glutamate, the brain's excitatory neurotransmitter, and why its post-NMDA-blockade surge is central to how ketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects.
Neuroplasticity
What neuroplasticity means, how the brain rewires itself, and why neuroplasticity is central to understanding ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects.
Dissociation
What dissociation means in the context of ketamine therapy — its clinical definition, how it manifests during treatment, and its potential relationship to therapeutic outcomes.