pharmacology
Articles tagged with “pharmacology”
Ketamine and the Opioid System: How Ketamine Interacts with Opioid Receptors
An in-depth exploration of ketamine's interactions with the opioid receptor system, the scientific debate over whether opioid activity contributes to its antidepressant effects, and clinical implications.
Racemic Mixture: S-Ketamine and R-Ketamine Enantiomers Explained
A definition of racemic mixture in the context of ketamine therapy — explaining the S and R enantiomers, their different pharmacological profiles, and clinical implications.
Sub-Anesthetic Dose: The Therapeutic Range for Ketamine in Depression
A definition of sub-anesthetic dosing — the low-dose ketamine range used to treat depression — including typical dosages, rationale, and how it differs from anesthetic use.
Racemic Ketamine vs Esketamine: Pharmacological Comparison
Racemic ketamine vs esketamine pharmacology: NMDA binding, half-life, dose equivalence, side effect profile, cost per session, and clinical decision points.
Ketamine Pharmacology: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism
Ketamine pharmacology explained: absorption by route, distribution, hepatic metabolism to norketamine, half-life, enantiomers, and clinical dosing implications.
Ketamine Tolerance and Sensitization: What the Research Shows
Does ketamine tolerance build with repeated infusions? Research on reset windows, dose escalation, sensitization, and what it means for maintenance dosing.
Bioavailability: Understanding Ketamine Absorption by Route
A clear explanation of bioavailability and how it varies across ketamine administration routes — IV, IM, intranasal, sublingual, and oral — and why it matters.
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